Anxiety

What Is Anxiety?

Anxiety is a normal and universal human experience. Most people feel nervous or worried at times—such as before speaking in public, attending a job interview, or taking an important exam. These reactions are part of the brain’s built-in fight-or-flight system, which helps protect us by preparing the body to respond to perceived threats.

For some people, this system becomes overactive. Anxiety shows up more frequently, more intensely, or in situations that are not truly dangerous. When this happens, anxiety can begin to interfere with daily life, relationships, school, work, or overall well-being.

Anxiety disorders are common, understandable, and highly treatable.

How Anxiety Shows Up

Anxiety can affect the body, mind, and emotions. People may experience some or many of the following symptoms.

Physical Symptoms of Anxiety

• Restlessness or feeling on edge
• Racing heart or shortness of breath
• Sweating or shakiness
• Muscle tension or aches
• Fatigue or low energy
• Chest discomfort
• Nausea or stomach pain
• Changes in bowel habits
• Difficulty falling or staying asleep

Mental and Emotional Symptoms of Anxiety

• Excessive or persistent worry
• Racing or looping thoughts
• Irritability
• Difficulty concentrating or making decisions
• Unwanted or intrusive thoughts
• Fear of uncertainty or “what if” scenarios
• A sense of impending danger or doom

Experiencing these symptoms does not mean something is wrong with you. They reflect a nervous system that is trying—often too hard—to keep you safe.

Why Does Anxiety Develop?

Anxiety disorders can develop for many reasons. Research suggests that genetics, brain chemistry, life experiences, stress, and environmental factors may all play a role.

Anxiety is not a personal failure, weakness, or lack of willpower.

Is Anxiety Treatable?

Yes—anxiety is very treatable.

With appropriate, evidence-based treatment, many people experience meaningful improvement in symptoms, daily functioning, and overall quality of life. Treatment focuses on changing your relationship with anxiety rather than eliminating it entirely.

Evidence-Based Treatment for Anxiety

Treatment begins with a comprehensive, collaborative assessment and an individualized plan. Evidence-based approaches commonly used to treat anxiety include:

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

CBT helps individuals understand patterns of thoughts, emotions, and behaviors that maintain anxiety and supports the development of more flexible and effective responses.

Exposure-Based Therapy (Including ERP)

Exposure-based approaches help people gradually and intentionally face feared situations, sensations, or thoughts. Over time, this reduces avoidance and builds confidence and flexibility.

Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT)

ACT is an evidence-based behavioral therapy that helps people change their relationship with anxious thoughts and feelings. ACT emphasizes mindfulness, willingness, and values-based action—even when anxiety is present.

Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) Skills

DBT-informed skills support emotional regulation, distress tolerance, and coping with intense emotional experiences.

Common Anxiety Disorders

Anxiety can present in many forms, including:

• Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
• Social Anxiety Disorder
• Panic Disorder
• Agoraphobia
• Specific Phobias
• Separation Anxiety Disorder
• Selective Mutism

Anxiety and OCD

Anxiety and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) are closely related but distinct conditions. While both involve fear and avoidance, OCD is characterized by intrusive thoughts and compulsive behaviors aimed at reducing distress. Anxiety disorders typically involve persistent worry and avoidance without compulsions.

Because the two can overlap, accurate assessment and specialized treatment are important.

You Are Not Alone

Living with anxiety can feel exhausting, but help is available. With education, compassionate support, and evidence-based treatment, many people learn to relate differently to anxiety and move toward fuller, more meaningful lives.

If you’re ready to explore support or learn more about anxiety treatment options, I’d be honored to help.